Every time and everywhere?
Scotland: several virtues and a weakness
Behind each of us there lies a circumstance, a history and a society. I was born and raised Basque, am almost entirely Catalan by family and have lived in Scotland for over twenty years. In each of these places, I have come across a different form of nationalism, forms which, depending on their nature and intensity, possess the power to unite or fracture.
Rights are not absolute
Letter in reply to a nationalist’s desires
No fundamental right is unlimited or free of controversy. Any rights must be balanced with the rights of others and the community’s safety and stability. In the case of the self determination rigth, the dilemma lies in determining the circumstances which justify such extremes as independence or secession.
In international law, secession and self-determination are not even remotely synonymous. Secession is categorically proscribed and self-determination is contemplated, bar colonial situations, only through self-government within an existing state. The latter occurred in Spain when the 1978 constitution, which recognises the diversity of the country’s national identities, was adopted with overwhelming popular support. Just ten years later, a federal-type system with a very high degree of local and fiscal autonomy was in place. Indeed, the right to self-government and identity rights were so thoroughly guaranteed that the pro-independence Catalan government had to acknowledge in its 2014 White Paper on national transition that ‘neither EU nor international law has any provision for a procedure […] to convene a consultation of the sort the majority of the people in Catalonia are demanding.’
Which brings us to one of Mrs López’s more reasonable desires: one day an international conference should be convened to review the right to self-determination and establish the criteria needed to implement it. Although she informs us that these criteria will need to be broader —(alas) she fails to say what these criteria might be— than the ‘all-too Canadian’ Clarity Act, which recognises the possibility of secession provided that the decision is not unilateral, has the support of a clear majority and respects the rights of minorities, which may involve the redefinition of borders.
The ethic of the Spanish constitution
In Spain, the intelligence needed to narrow down dialogue, the ability to establish agreed principles to mitigate individual, social and national tensions, was based on the exercise of consensus.
This trait was, and is, the maxim of moral conduct and foundational awareness behind our constitution.
Since 1978, our nation has built itself around the following principles: the primacy of the individual and civil liberties on the one hand; and an identity as a community that safeguards its diversity on the other.
Why are we here. The big question answered
Why are Catalan secessionists on trial?
“Today, I’ve received the fifth notification of the Constitutional Court”
(warning of the obligation to prevent the development of the independence resolution)
“We will continue going forward”
2017
2019
- maintain public safety
- defend the order, and
- protect the rights and freedoms of others
Continue reading “Why are we here. The big question answered”
Catalan nationalist uprising: The politics of justice
The excessive “judicialisation” of politics and “appeals to the Constitutional Court” have been dominating the best part of the news and discourse about the political situation in Catalonia, becoming a, comfortable and intentional, convenient truth.
Continue reading “Catalan nationalist uprising: The politics of justice”
Is the resolution of conflicting ethnic preferences manageable in a democratic framework?
“We think not.”
And, in just three words, that’s the bottom line.
That was the answer given by two professors of political science at Harvard and Stanford, the authors of one of the go-to books on governing plurinational societies.¹
In Politics in Plural Societies: a theory of democratic instability, Rabushka and Shepsle present a model of development of political phenomena in multi-ethnic nations, which they refer to as plural, analysing the behaviour of both the political elites and the population of over a dozen countries in four continents.
A nation must meet three conditions in order to be qualified as plural.
- It needs to have diverse identities;
- these must be organised into cohesive political sections (parties, trade unions, etc.); and
- its conflicts must be understood in ethnic terms.
This calls for the following assumptions about the population: Continue reading “Is the resolution of conflicting ethnic preferences manageable in a democratic framework?”
